Renaissance:the profound social and cultural changes of the 15 and 16 centuries are known as the renaissance
Humanism:one of the most important features of the renaissance was the growth of humanism
Erasmus de Rotterdam:were greates humanist
Thomas Moro:were greates humanist
Juan Luis Vives:were greates humanist
Johannes Gutenberg:invented the printing press
Printing Press:it is a invention
Nicolas Copernicus:developed the eliocentre
Heliocentric Theory:this mantened de sun was the centre of the universe
Ptolomaic:geocentric
Geocentric theory: which maintained thet the earth was the centre of the universe
Quattrocento:was the term applied to 15 century italian art which flourished
Cinquecento:was the term used to describe 16 century art
Proportion:this was becouse architetcs wanted to adapt them to the proportions on the human body
Leon Battista Alberti:important architec
Bramante:the first project of michelangelo
Michelangelo:changed the dome and maderno completed the rest
Maderno:changed the dome and maderno completed the rest
Masaccio:were a pintor
Perspective:francesca invented the perspective
Raphael:was a archited
Leonardo:who brilliant represented nature
Titian: is a venetian ppenter
Donatello:greates sculptor
Albrecht Durer:was a great renaissance figure
Herrerian Style:was a characteristic by austerity smd solemniti
Plateresque style:was a characteristis by its abundant and delicate ornamentation
Greco:religious painting
Martin Luther:was a protestant contra the catholic church
Lutheranism:protestantes
Protestant:ho was protested contra the church catholic
Calvinism:founded by jhon calvin
Predestination:people are condemend or saved before they are born
Henry VIII:are the king of england
Anglican Church:was a church created before henrry II
Council of Trent:met and adoptted differentes resolutations
Society of Jesus:founded buy saint ignatious
Inquisition:persecuted those who failed to follow catholic dogma
unit 10
Charles I:was the king of spain in 15 16 centuries
Holy Roman Empire:fue hederadoa carlos v de sus abuelos paternos
Comuneros:los que se revelaron contra carlos v
Juan de Padilla:uno de los lideres de la revuelta de los comuneros
Philip II:es el hijo de carlos v
Viceroy:es un governador
Ottoman Turks:were his othersgreats rivals
German Protestant Princes:uno de los mas serios problemas que trajo la consecuencia de la rebelion
Elizabeth I:
Invincible Armada:to fight against england
Hernan Cortes:conquisto el imperio azteca
Aztec Empire: fue un imperio que se descubrio
Inca Empire:fue conquistado por francisco pizarro
Francisco Pizarro:fue el que conquisto em imperio inca
Council of Indies:consejero de indias
Viceroyalty of Peru:territorios que fueron conquistados
Viceroyalty of New Spain:terriotorios que fueron conquistados
Casa de Contratación:or trading house in seville
lunes, 17 de mayo de 2010
lunes, 19 de abril de 2010
VOCABULARY UNIT 7 AND 8
vocabulary unit 7 and 8
unit 7
Marco Polo: discovered Indian Chinese and Japanese
Technical advances: which improve the navegation
Portulan Charts: new maps called portulan charts were developed
Compass: was a instrument for the navegation
astrolabe: was a instrument for the navegation
Quadrant: was a instrument for the navegation
Caravels:ships such a caravels were improved and consequently could travel longer distances.
Prince Henry the Navigator: organised varius expedition
Bartolomeu Dias:rounded the cape of good
Vasco de Gama: reached the india
Christopher Columbus: descovered america
Ferdinand Magallan: made several expedicions
Juan Sebastian Elcano: second in comand
Overseas empires:were created fro spain and portugal
Treaty of Tordesillas: resolve conflicts between Spain and Portugal
Indigenous population of America: was a dramatic decline
unit 8
The plague: most terrible sickly
The Black Death: was and epidemi
Bourgueoisie: was very influential
bureaucracy:centralised administration
army:troops were paid by the monarchs and followed his orders
diplomatic:system to maintain relations with other countries
autoritarian monarchies:was the court
Ivan the Great:unified the country russia
Henry VIII: increased royal power in the early sixteenth century
Charles VII:french monarqas
Francis I:
Catholic Monarchs:governed their territories together but each kingdom had its own and institutions
Holy brotherhood:a judicial police force
Royal Council:the highest judicial body
Corregidores:or chief magistrates to establish royal authority in the towns
Treasury:they strengthened the royal treasury and took priviliges away
Tribunal of the Inquisition:to prosecute heretics
conversos:or converts were persecuted by the inquisitions
Mudejares:in 1512 a similar decree established the conversion or expulsion of mudejars or spanish muslims
Moriscos:muslims who converted to christianity were called moriscos
unit 7
Marco Polo: discovered Indian Chinese and Japanese
Technical advances: which improve the navegation
Portulan Charts: new maps called portulan charts were developed
Compass: was a instrument for the navegation
astrolabe: was a instrument for the navegation
Quadrant: was a instrument for the navegation
Caravels:ships such a caravels were improved and consequently could travel longer distances.
Prince Henry the Navigator: organised varius expedition
Bartolomeu Dias:rounded the cape of good
Vasco de Gama: reached the india
Christopher Columbus: descovered america
Ferdinand Magallan: made several expedicions
Juan Sebastian Elcano: second in comand
Overseas empires:were created fro spain and portugal
Treaty of Tordesillas: resolve conflicts between Spain and Portugal
Indigenous population of America: was a dramatic decline
unit 8
The plague: most terrible sickly
The Black Death: was and epidemi
Bourgueoisie: was very influential
bureaucracy:centralised administration
army:troops were paid by the monarchs and followed his orders
diplomatic:system to maintain relations with other countries
autoritarian monarchies:was the court
Ivan the Great:unified the country russia
Henry VIII: increased royal power in the early sixteenth century
Charles VII:french monarqas
Francis I:
Catholic Monarchs:governed their territories together but each kingdom had its own and institutions
Holy brotherhood:a judicial police force
Royal Council:the highest judicial body
Corregidores:or chief magistrates to establish royal authority in the towns
Treasury:they strengthened the royal treasury and took priviliges away
Tribunal of the Inquisition:to prosecute heretics
conversos:or converts were persecuted by the inquisitions
Mudejares:in 1512 a similar decree established the conversion or expulsion of mudejars or spanish muslims
Moriscos:muslims who converted to christianity were called moriscos
miércoles, 24 de marzo de 2010
EL CID
Rodrigo Díaz (¿Vivar del Cid (provincia de Burgos)?,[1] [2] c. 1041-1054[1] [3] [4] [5] – Valencia, 1099) fue un caballero castellano que llegó a dominar al frente de su propia mesnada el Levante de la Península Ibérica a finales del siglo XI de forma autónoma respecto de la autoridad de rey alguno. Consiguió conquistar Valencia y estableció en esta ciudad un señorío independiente desde el 15 de junio de 1094 hasta su muerte.
Se trata de una figura histórica y legendaria de la Reconquista, cuya vida inspiró el más importante cantar de gesta de la literatura española, el Cantar de mio Cid. Ha pasado a la posteridad como El Campeador o El Cid (del árabe dialectal سيد sīdi, 'señor'). Por el apelativo «Campeador» fue conocido en vida, pues se atestigua en documentos desde 1098; el sobrenombre de «Cid», aunque se conjetura que pudieron usarlo sus coetáneos zaragozanos o valencianos, aparece por vez primera en el Poema de Almería, compuesto entre 1147 y 1149.
MARCO POLO
Marco Polo (15 de septiembre de 1254 – 8 de enero de 1324) fue un mercader y explorador veneciano que, junto con su padre y su tío, estuvo entre los primeros occidentales que viajaron por la ruta de la seda a China. Se dice que introdujo la pólvora en Europa, aunque la primera vez que se utilizó en Occidente acaeció en la batalla de Niebla (Huelva) en 1262.
Los Polo (Marco, su padre y su tío) vivieron allí supuestamente durante diecisiete años antes de volver a Venecia. Tras su regreso, Marco Polo contaba a la sazón 41 años y comandaba una galera veneciana el día en que se libró, ante los muros de Korcula, en Croacia, una batalla naval contra la gran rival de Venecia, la república de Génova, en 1298. Los genoveses apresaron a Marco Polo, lo llevaron a Génova y allí, en la prisión, Polo dictó a un tal Rustichello de Pisa las memorias de su viaje fabuloso hasta Catai (China) y el regreso por Malaca, Ceilán, la India y Persia. Rustichello redactó en un dialecto franco-véneto el libro conocido como Il Milione (El millón o «Los viajes de Marco Polo») acerca de sus viajes. El libro se llamó originalmente Divisament du monde ("Descripción del mundo"), pero se popularizó como Libro de las maravillas del mundo y, más tarde, como Il Milione. Es creencia general que tal nombre vino de la tendencia del autor a referirse a grandes cantidades; "millones" pero es más probable que derivase de su propio nombre "Emilione", abreviado en Milione. No habría, pues, en esta denominación ninguna alusión a su exageración. Marco Polo está considerado como uno de los grandes exploradores, e insigne narrador en literatura de viajes.
THE MESTA
La Mesta fue una agrupación de ganaderos de Castilla reconocida por Alfonso X,el Sabio en el siglo XIII y suprimida en el siglo XIX.
Armas del Honrado Concejo de la Mesta
El nombre completo de esta agrupación era Honrado Concejo de la Mesta de los Pastores de Castilla.Su principal misión consistía en organizar las cañadas o pasos fijos que los rebaños de ovejas seguían en la trashumancia desde los pastos de invierno en el sur a los de verano en el norte.De esta manera se intentaban evitar los conflictos entre los agricultores y los ganaderos que atravesaban sus tierras produciendo daños en sus cultivos.
A partir del año 1.500,la Mesta celebraba 2 asambleas anuales:una en el sur entre enero y febrero y otra en el norte en los meses de septiembre u octubre.En ellas se decidían asuntos de carácter interno y se elegían los cargos de la organización.El cargo principal era el de Presidente de la Mesta,al que ayudaban en sus tareas 4 alcaldes de cuadrilla.De las asambleas celebradas en el sur,15 tuvieron lugar en Siruela.
La Mesta fue una organización poderosísima,debido a los grandes privilegios que los reyes le concedieron para favorecer la producción de lana.La lana fue durante varios siglos el principal producto exportado por Castilla al resto de Europa.Cuando el comercio y exportación de lana decayó,también lo hizo la Mesta,hasta que finalmente en el año 1.836,después de 6 siglos, desapareció.
Las principales cañadas usadas para la trashumancia por los ganados de la Mesta eran las llamadas cañadas reales:la leonesa,la segoviana y la manchega.Dos de ellas,la leonesa y la segoviana,llegaban hasta Extremadura.
La Mesta fue en parte la causante de la deforestación sufrida en la Península Ibérica a lo largo de su historia,ya que las centenas de miles de ovejas necesitaban más y más pastos para alimentarse.
lunes, 22 de marzo de 2010
King Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) and claimant to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII.
Henry VIII was a significant figure in the history of the English monarchy. Although in the great part of his reign he brutally suppressed the influence of the Protestant Reformation in England,[1][2] a movement having some roots with John Wycliffe in the 14th century, he is more popularly known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome ultimately led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. He changed religious ceremonies and rituals and closed down the monasteries, while remaining a fervent believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church following the annulment of his marriage to first wife Catherine of Aragon and the marriage to his second wife, Anne Boleyn.[1][3] Royal support for the English Reformation began with his heirs, the devout Edward VI and the renowned Elizabeth I, whilst daughter Mary I temporarily reinstated papal authority over England. Henry also oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. He is also noted for his six wives, two of whom were beheaded.
Henry VIII was a significant figure in the history of the English monarchy. Although in the great part of his reign he brutally suppressed the influence of the Protestant Reformation in England,[1][2] a movement having some roots with John Wycliffe in the 14th century, he is more popularly known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome ultimately led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. He changed religious ceremonies and rituals and closed down the monasteries, while remaining a fervent believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church following the annulment of his marriage to first wife Catherine of Aragon and the marriage to his second wife, Anne Boleyn.[1][3] Royal support for the English Reformation began with his heirs, the devout Edward VI and the renowned Elizabeth I, whilst daughter Mary I temporarily reinstated papal authority over England. Henry also oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. He is also noted for his six wives, two of whom were beheaded.
miércoles, 17 de marzo de 2010
CATHOLIC MONARCHS
Diplomatic: system to maintain relations with other countries.
Network: holy brotherhood, royal council, corregidores treasury.
Dynasty: in 1469 ferdinand son of the king of aragon marred isabella sister of the king of castile. In 1477 isabellas became queen of castile an two years ferdinad became king of aragon were united.
Marriage alliance: in 1469 ferdinand marred isabella sister of the king of castile
HOLY BROTHER HOOD
A judicial police force to fight agains bandist and the abuses of the nobility.
TRIBUNAL OF THE INQUISICION
To prosecute heretics.
THE CONVERSOS
Or converts were persecuted by the inquisition.
los reyes catolicos establecieron su poder y su nobleza porque conquistaron muchos territorios y gobernaban bastante bien.
RELIGIUOS POLICY OF THE CATHOLICS MONARCHS.
Tribunal of the inquisition, conversos, mudejars, moriscos.
Did the Catholic Monarchs do things which benefited their kingdoms?
si las hicieron, hicieron bastantes cosas que beneficiaron a su reino.
What controversial laws and institutions did they introduce?
las leyes que se introducieron fueron las monarquias autoritarias.
Network: holy brotherhood, royal council, corregidores treasury.
Dynasty: in 1469 ferdinand son of the king of aragon marred isabella sister of the king of castile. In 1477 isabellas became queen of castile an two years ferdinad became king of aragon were united.
Marriage alliance: in 1469 ferdinand marred isabella sister of the king of castile
HOLY BROTHER HOOD
A judicial police force to fight agains bandist and the abuses of the nobility.
TRIBUNAL OF THE INQUISICION
To prosecute heretics.
THE CONVERSOS
Or converts were persecuted by the inquisition.
los reyes catolicos establecieron su poder y su nobleza porque conquistaron muchos territorios y gobernaban bastante bien.
RELIGIUOS POLICY OF THE CATHOLICS MONARCHS.
Tribunal of the inquisition, conversos, mudejars, moriscos.
Did the Catholic Monarchs do things which benefited their kingdoms?
si las hicieron, hicieron bastantes cosas que beneficiaron a su reino.
What controversial laws and institutions did they introduce?
las leyes que se introducieron fueron las monarquias autoritarias.
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